Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of the leaf extract of Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poiret

Abstract

Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poiret, which is a member of the Fabaceae family and is also known as
Vegetable hummingbird, Agati, Katurai, or West Indian pea, has a variety of medicinal uses. As a
result, the current study concentrated on phytochemical analysis and antioxidant assays (DPPH,
ABTS, superoxide, and OH) of methanol, ethanol, and water extracts of the leaf. The present
findings revealed that the highest total phenolic content was found in methanol extract
(62.06±1.02 mg GAE/g) followed by ethanol (60.89±0.13 mg GAE/g) and water (61.87±1.96 mg
GAE/g). The maximum flavonoid content was recorded in the methanol extract (74.32±1.02 mg
catechin equivalents (CE)/g) followed by ethanol (72.05±1.02 mg CE/g) and water (60.44±1.05
mg CE/g). Similarly, the methanol extract (522.21±1.06 mg oleanolic acid equivalents (OAE)/g)
showed the highest saponin content followed by ethanol (517.34±1.21 mg OAE/g) and water
(450.21±0.75 mg OAE/g). Among four antioxidant assays used in the present study, the highest
DPPH free radical scavenging was found in methanol leaf extract (91.22±1.45%) followed by
ethanol (85.55±1.11%) and water extract (77.85±1.25%). The ABTS assay also showed
maximum scavenging in methanol extract (88.45±1.32%) followed by ethanol extract
(79.45±1.25%). The superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays also
showed the highest activity in the methanol extract (90.12±1.12%) and the lowest (20.21±1.33%),
followed by ethanol (85.55±1.26%) and lowest (15.56±1.34%), OH method main amount in
methanol (88.95±1.21%) and lowest (20.12±1.46%), followed by ethanol (78.60±1.25%) and
lowest (16.32±1.45%). Using ascorbic acid and quercetin as standards and calculated IC50 values,
our research found that S. grandiflora leaf has potential medicinal qualities, and targeted
chemicals can use in pharmaceutical and pharmacological aspects.